The Reconstruction of the Union After the Civil War Essay

The reconstruction of the Union began under President Lincoln before the end of the war, and carried on by President Johnson after the assassination of President Lincoln. After Lincoln’s death, the leadership of the nation bestowed upon Andrew Johnson of Tennessee. According to A. Brinkley (pg. 375), Johnson revealed his plan for reconstruction or â€Å"Restoration†, as he preferred to call it, soon after he took office and implemented it during the summer of 1865 when Congress was in recess. Like Lincoln, he offered some form of amnesty to Southerners who would take a pledge of loyalty to the Union. In most other respect, however, his plan resembled the Wade-Davis Bill. The next phase of reconstruction, known as the Congressional Plan or†¦show more content†¦Grant. This latter period was the greatest trial that the South had to bear, not excepting the terrible ordeal of war. To understand properly the surroundings, it is necessary to enumerate briefly the events, which occurred early in 1865, and the directions given by President Johnson to the military officers of the United States. The death of President Lincoln regarded as the greatest catastrophe that could have happened to the people of the South. The arrest and imprisonment of President Davis and many of the Confederate soldiers and statesmen have been already related. The treatment of Mr. Davis was very harsh indeed, complicity in the assassination of Mr. Lincoln cruelly imputed to him, and a large reward offered for his capture. Every town, village, district occupied rapidly by the Union troops as the Confederate resistance melted away, and all civil government ignored. The governors of most of the seceded States attempted to call their legislatures together to conform to the resul ts of the war and take steps for their restoration to the Union. They did this, believing that the American principle of government--the sovereignty and indestructibility of the States--would be respected and that these prompt proceedings would be favored as the constitutional plan of restoration. They did this also believing it necessary to preserve civil government, and to show by legislative enactment complete submission to the resultsShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious So uthern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreEssay on My Own Reconstruction Plan after the Civil War867 Words   |  4 Pages After the great battle of the American Civil War was fought, and the North won, a bigger battle still had to take place; reconstruction. Reconstruction after the war was not going to be easy, and it was not. What was the primary goal? What should be done to ex-confederates? Free Blacks? How should this reconstruction take place? Many of these questions were solved by the government, but how well? Reconstruction could have gone very differently, and that is what I intend to show. I will developRead MoreReconstruction : The Misadventures Of Post Civil War1116 Words   |  5 PagesProf. Van Natter Reconstruction (The Misadventures of Post-Civil War America) America: â€Å"The land of the free, and the home of the brave† (Key 7-8). When our forefathers overcame the colonial reign of the British Empire, they formed the United States of America based on the premise of enlightened ideals promoting life, ownership of land, and liberty. But after the revolution, the country’s problems were far from solved. The country’s post-revolution issues sparked a Civil War, which was followedRead MoreCauses Of The Civil War And Reconstruction751 Words   |  4 Pagesof people talk about the U.S history are the Civil War and the Reconstruction. The Civil War was the turning point in the U.S history, while the Reconstruction brought order out of chaos of the Civil War. After all these, the U.S grows rapidly and becomes a superpower today. From my perspective, the most important cause of the Civil War is the conflict between the northern capitalism economy and the sourthern plantation economy. And the Reconstruction did spread fr eedom and brought more oppotunitiesRead MoreWhat Caused The Civil War? Slavery? Politics?Social Conflicts?Maybe1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the Civil War? Slavery? Politics? Social Conflicts? Maybe it was little bit of everything. In 1861-1865 America s bloodiest conflict happened. It was called the Civil War. The Civil War was between the North and the South about slavery. The North was antislavery, but the South was all for slavery. The North wanted to free the slaves to help fight the war, but the South was not fond of that. Some would believe that they would talk it out; however, they both decided to haveRead MoreReconstruction Is The Effort Made In The United States1566 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction is the effort made in the United States to restructure the political, legal, and economic systems in the states seceded from the Union. The Reconstruction Era last between the years of 1865-1877. The Civil War caused destruction and several deaths throug hout the South in 1865. This struggle was compensated by radical Republicans who felt that they were in control of Southerners by punishing them for wanting to preserve their southern tradition. How would the North and the South comeRead MoreReconstruction And The Rights Of Former Slaves. In The998 Words   |  4 PagesReconstruction and the Rights of Former Slaves In the 1860s the United States was a nation that had been ripped apart by the Civil War and left in torn pieces. The war left many white southerners stripped of their slaves, land, and in destroyed towns with little to eat. The only people worse off than the white southerners at this point in history were the black southerners who had nothing to their names but the freedom they had recently been granted which left them penniless and searching for aRead MoreReconstruction Failure Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction period is the name given to the time in between 1863 and 1877. This period’s main goal was to reunite the United States of America after the most substantial event of disunity in American existence: The Civil War. Reconstruction consisted of many proposed plans and attempts to reinstate the Southern states back into the union. In the early stages, there was some promise as to what reconstruction had the ability to accomplish, because some political gr oups had the right ideas aboutRead MoreReconstruction and the Myth of the Lost Cause1511 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the Civil war, the Union was reestablished in racism. Reconstruction was the constitutional effort (13th, 14th, 15th amendment) of the north to force the south to treat the freed slaves as citizens. Reconstruction failed miserably. It is one of the least glorious parts of American history. Some nationalists like to think that there are no badly edifying chapters of America, and decide to forget about it. The civil war was one of the big three events along with the Revolution and World War Two

Child Observation 3 1/2 Year Old PreSchooler Essay

For 12 weeks I observed a young pre-schooler Child C aged 31/2 years old, through my account I would give an observer’s view of Child C, three theories peculiar to Child C and my the emotions evoked in me as an observer. My observation assisted in my understanding of the changes in Child C as the week progressed over the 12 weeks. My first few visits at the nursery Child C appeared boisterous and obnoxious. This led me to assume Child C was the class bully, I shared my finding with the class and the views were ambivalent and divided. I was concerned for a few weeks, however after a few more visits at the nursery my opinion changed as I realised Child C was not a bully but rather a self willed, assertive child. According to Piaget†¦show more content†¦He responded by saying â€Å"You must always lay the table properly†. Another example is from week 8’s observation... while out in the play ground Child C was playing two other girls (child T and child F), they were mixing sand in a bowl, what are you doing? Another child enquired, we are making a â€Å"chocolate cake†. Let’s add some more sand so the ‘chocolate cake’ to make it taste nicer. No! child T said I don’t want to, you’re not sharing Child C said, we need to add some more sand, so the cake would taste nicer, then we can put it in the oven. Child T stood her ground â€Å"no I don’t want to†,... child T still refuses to let Child C mix more sand in her â€Å"chocolate cake mixture†, with no resolution in sight Child C storms off to start his own ‘chocolate cake mixture’ only Child C gets a really big bowl... As an observer I marvelled Chi ld C looked like a little ‘Jamie Oliver’. Through play acting, Child C demonstrates his ability to learn and maintain social relationship through being self assertive and making chocolate cakes . Neven R.S p. 21 Play is a pivotal aspect of early childhood, which has led to a child’s personality being developed, the way children learn, resolve issues, and maintain social relationships in subsequent school years as they grow older. Play can also be described as an experience, a product, work, fun and a vital aspect of communicationShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Home Daycares And Daycare Centers3734 Words   |  15 PagesAssessing the Quality of Care Found in Both Settings Jennifer Lea Grossman Amberton University TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Genesis Purpose and Methods Significance Operational Definitions Research Questions 2. LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................7 3. METHODOLOGY....................................................................................12 Participants Materials ProcedureRead MoreCognitive and Physical Stimulation Toys have on Children1641 Words   |  7 Pages1.Discuss the possible cognitive effect (if any) that each of the toys has on the age group that the toy is targeted toward. What cognitive stimulation does the toy provide? â€Å"At about age 2 children become capable of representation, of thinking about the properties of things without having to act on them directly. This capacity marks the first level of the preoperational period. At this level, the child can deal with only one representation-one idea or thought at a time. At the second level ofRead MoreExploring How Psychologists Study the Role of Play in Child Development2367 Words   |  10 PagesExploring How Psychologists Study the Role of Play in Child Development Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition, 1995 defines â€Å"play† as: â€Å"[Children] when children play, they do things that they enjoy, often together or with toys.† Play is one of the most powerful vehicles children have for trying out and mastering new social skills, concepts and experiences. Psychologists, such as Faulkner (1995), present evidence that play is seen as a mean of developingRead MoreA Case Study of Reverse Inclusion in an Early Childhood Classroom4433 Words   |  18 PagesThere are 4 typically developing students enrolled full-time in the class for a class total of 15 students. They are between the ages of three and five years old. There are two full-time lead teachers, two assistants, and one extended day teacher. This study consisted of parent surveys, teacher interviews, and student observations. The observations were done during non-structured times during the school day such as recess and centers, and were conducted three days per week for one month. The resultsRead MoreAttachment in Developmental Psychology1796 Words   |  8 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attachment is the bond that links humans to vital people in their lives. This bond begins to develop early on in life. According to Berk (2012), infants can become attached to regular people in their lives before the second half of their first year of life. These early attachments are normally to the primary caregivers of the infant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An infant with an attachment disorder is an infant who is unable to connect with his or her caregiver. This can also be called insecure attachment, meaningRead MoreEffective Teacher Commands Of Behavior And Academic Success After Teacher Training Essay1855 Words   |  8 Pagesalso implemented praise with commands to compare findings of effectiveness. Dobbs and Arnold (2009), implemented similar procedures and training by applying praise with effective commands and how it impacted the relationship between teachers and preschoolers. Bertsch, Houlihan, Lenz, and Patte (2009), took the research of Matheson and Shriver (2005), even deeper by investigating teacher’s commands in eight distinct categories. Their research investigated how each specific command given affected theRead MoreCulturally Consistent Spacial Layout Improves Learning and Memory1407 Words   |  6 Pagesto finish (a few times, if necessary), then put the article out of sight, and describe it as best you can from memory. This takes time to do well, so this is not the type of assignment that can be done the night before it is due! (15 points; approx. 1-1.5 pages) Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to see if there was any correlation between the spatial presentation of stimuli and a change in comprehension and memorizing information. Variables: The variables used in the first experimentRead MoreChild Directed Vs Teacher Directed Curriculum991 Words   |  4 Pagesof the cortex in late teens is closely related to a child s cognitive stimulation at four years old. Other factors such as cognitive stimulation at eight year old and parental nurturing showed no effect on the brain scans. These results are proof of a sensitive period that determines the development of the cortex. It is extremely important to utilize the proper curriculum during this particular window of opportunity. The controversy over child-directed vs teacher-directed curriculum isn’t anythingRead MoreGathering, Analysing and Reporting Research Data Essay Outline1053 Words   |  5 Pageson examining Piaget’s concepts in a practical way. It links to your achievement of the Unit Outcomes 3 and 4: 3 Collect, analyse and interpret data with respect to the domains of development. 4 Develop academic essay and report writing skills The assignment consists of clear steps which are outlined below: Gathering the data (revisit Chapter 2 for information on ethics, observation and note taking) †¢ Collect about 20 small items that can be sorted or categorised in multiple waysRead MorePro Social Skills Helps Them Get Along With Others3493 Words   |  14 PagesPro-Social skill describes to identify the behaviours people use to help them get along with others. Those behaviours include giving help and comfort to others. In the Early childhood sector, it helps a child to show empathy and get along with other children in a positive way. Showing empathy also described as the ability to understand another person’s emotions. To become a kind, warm-hearted and anxious person, pro-social skills are important in making friends and collaborating in class. These

Individual Positivism free essay sample

Positivism emerged towards the end of the nineteenth century, and sought to oppose traditional, Classical ways of criminological thinking. The theory tended to look at crime scientifically, in order to produce facts based around the key causes of crime and so, they could attempt to truly understand what kind of people offend and for what reasons. Offenders and offending behaviour had been understood before as voluntary concepts, where people had free will and the choice to commit crime (or not to). Positivists began to observe crime as a more deterministic concept and challenged whether or not people really do choose to offend. Moreover, the overall and fundamental view of an Individual Positivist is that those who become involved in crime or deviance are characteristically different to those who abide by the law. The theory, also known as Eugenics is a primarily, biologically based theory that claims that criminality is individualistic, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Positivism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. crime is committed mainly by individuals as opposed to those in groups. These theorists put forward the notion that certain idiosyncrasies – either physical or psychological – are similar in those who are criminal, and those who are not in turn, will not fit this particular criteria. Physical attributes such as, having ‘darker skin’ or ‘larger ears’ were believed by Cesare Lombroso to be influential factors for involvement in crime and deviance. (2006) (companion refs) Lombroso believed that there was an â€Å"in-born criminality† in criminals. He called them â€Å"atavistic† with features more akin to â€Å"savages†, a view held by many positivists. Other developments in this psychological approach found that even the size of the human brain is a determinant factor for criminal behaviour. (2008) (companion) Eysenck furthers this argument by saying that someone’s IQ level can determine their criminality. He backs this up by highlighting statistics that display Chinese or Asian people being the most intelligent people in the world population, with White people coming second in the ranks and Black people were claimed to be the least intelligent. This data reflects the ratio of the prison population and shows in his opinion, how criminal behaviour can be linked to intelligence levels. This view has been criticised however, because it has been highlighted that say for example, if an IQ test is generated by White people then White people will find the test relatively easier in comparison with if it was made up by Black or Chinese people. It is argued that IQ tests are culturally biased, e. g. A question might ask â€Å"Knife is to Fork as Cup is to†¦? † The answer is ‘Saucer,’ but this should not be expected to be a universally known answer, as eating and drinking habits vary enormously in differing countries and cultures. As such characteristics are inherited or acquired beyond anyone’s control, Individual Positivists would claim that the most beneficial way of preventing crime is to treat or rehabilitate criminals and ‘fix’ or ‘normalise’ their minds, so to speak. Coleman and Norris (2000) believe that in focusing on the characteristics and abnormalities and through discovering the causes which distinguish a criminal from a normal person, individual positivism allows for, and is a more humane and effective way of controlling crime.

Jackie Robinson Breaking the Racial Barriers free essay sample

According to the ales of the Hall of Fame, a player must be retired for five years before he can be considered for induction. Both Feller and Robinson were elected in the first year they were eligible (141 As Robinson received his plaque to take his place among the greats in the Hall of Fame, he said, Ive been riding on cloud number nine since the election, and dont think Ill ever come down. Today everything is complete (Robinson 142). After the induction ceremony, an exhibition game between the Milwaukee Braves and the New York Yankees was to take place at Doubleday Field, where the sport had its beginnings.Sudden thunderstorm allayed the game, and after an hours wait it was cancelled. At this same time, picketers in the streets of Harlem were carrying signs saying, Jackie, we love you as a ballplayer, but not as a spokesman for the Negro race (143). We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Robinson: Breaking the Racial Barriers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just two days earlier at a banquet in the Waldron Astoria Hotel in New York City, many people had paid $25 a plate to show their admiration for Jackie as both a ballplayer and a representative of the Negro race as well. Some of the most distinguished figures in the nation were present this day and their praise was loud and long (Mann 187).Jackie had accepted without hesitation challenge to break a prevailing color barrier in the national sport of America with complete knowledge of how much depended on him. Few men had ever faced such competitive odds when becoming a player in organized baseball. Despite criticism and opposition, Jack Roosevelt Robinson had truly come a long way from his poor beginnings as the grandson of slaves in Cairo, Georgia, to breaking the racial barriers in major league baseball by becoming its first black athlete and achieving hall of fame status. Jackie Robinsons childhood was a struggle in family and financial matters.He was born on January 31, 1919, on a peonage that was one step away from the slavery into which his grandparents had been born (Mann 53). Only six months after Jackie was born his father deserted the family. This led to several hardships. The family lived on a sharecroppers farm until the plantation owner used the fathers leave as an excuse to keep the whole crop the family had raised and to evict the widow and her children (54). Jackasss mother gathered her young ones about her with bitter feelings and found work as a domestic servant. About a year later, Robinsons uncle came to visit.He had served in the first World War. Afterward he had settled in California. When he returned to visit his family in Georgia, they scarcely recognized him, because he was dressed so finely (Mann 57). Once he learned of their troubles, he was immediately convinced that his sister and her children would do better in California. Within a few days, she boarded a train with her five little ones. They arrived in Pasadena toward the end of May, 1 920, and moved into tight quarters with her sister and brother-in-law, brother, a nephew and her husbands cousin (Robinson 79).Though they lacked hot water and a kitchen sink, Pasadena mimed glorious with its blue hills on the horizon and its wonderful air. Mrs.. Robinson accepted a job doing housework while the Welfare Department provided clothing for the children (80). Mrs.. Robinson soon found employment at which she could earn enough money to consider a more ample living space. They found a house on Pepper Street, however, the neighborhood did not welcome these Georgia Negroes (Robinson 82). Criticism from neighbors became a part of Jackasss life as a toddler.By the time he was eight years old, he was doing what came naturally: standing his ground and answering back when the occasion demanded. As the Robinson boys became old enough to work, they sought ways to help solve the familys financial problems. Frank and Mack found a number of strange jobs, such as shining shoes and selling hot dogs (Bonnets 60). Jackasss first regular employment was carrying the Los Angels Times and the Los Angels Examiner on a regular Sunday morning delivery route. Later, he worked on Saturdays helping his uncle tend lawns and shrubbery( 61 By that time, Jackie Robinson was ready for high school, and at Mir Tech it did not take him long to find expression in athletics for the rare coordination and the eighty controlled competitive instinct with which he had been born. Some found him too aggressive and cocky, yet his coaches were delighted with his abilities. With Jackie on the teams, Mir Tech became a high school terror in Southern California football, basketball, baseball and track. Every team they faced came into the game under orders to stop Robinson (Young 123).Strange as it may seem in retrospect, the major colleges failed to get steamed up over Jackie Robinsons prospects at this point. When he received no offer of a full scholarship, he decided to enter Pasadena Junior College (Young 123). Only his oldest brother, Frank, was upset by this, however. Frank had become almost like a father to his youngest brother. He was convinced that nothing but rank injustice was behind this apparent snub. But well show C]me, he vowed. You just wait till next fall (123). In the practice sessions that fall, however, Jackie was too anxious to completely fulfill Franks prediction.Trying to play on a slippery field, he caught his foot in a hole, and at that instant two tacklers hit him. Later, the trainer found that he had broken his ankle, so he was sitting on the bench when the season began (Robinson 9). He played quarterback during the last six games that year, however, and the record for these contests was five wins for Pasadena and one scoreless tie. The college scouts who had passed him up in high school were now convinced (10). In basketball, baseball, and track, he made their miscalculation even more emphatic.He got headlines as he starred in each, and in a track meet at Pomona College he seta new world record for the broad jump by a junior college athlete (Robinson 10). After Pasadena Junior College had won the baseball championship that year, Jackie was named the most valuable junior college player in Southern California. He had batted . 417 and stolen twenty-five bases in twenty-four games (Smith 73). Jimmy Dykes, manager of the Chicago White Sox at the time, was quoted in a newspaper as saying, That boy could play major league baseball at a moments notice (Bonnets 63).Through the football season of his second year at Pasadena J, Jackie Robinson became a legend in Southern California. People who spoke about UCLA or USC had to be careful or they would find themselves interrupted by someone who would insist that the only football player worth mentioning was that colored boy out at Pasadena (Young 127). San Francisco sportswriters were skeptical of all this Jackie Robinson buildup when the Pasadena team came into Ezra Stadium on November 1 1 to play San Francisco Junior College. Nevertheless, his seventy-five-yard touchdown run the first time he carried the ball convinced them (128).He left the field three quarters later to an astonishing ovation. After Pasadena, of course, he had a wide choice of senior colleges. One of the main reasons he chose UCLA was his brother, Frank. The idea of Jackasss playing at a college so far away from home that Frank could not attend the games was unthinkable for either f them. Sadly, Frank never saw Jackie play at UCLA. He died in a motorcycle accident in May of 1939 (Robinson 10). As a result, Jackie brilliant years as a Bruin star were tinged with inner grief.At Calcified became the first athlete to letter in four sports in one year. He participated in basketball, baseball, football, and track, and received honorable mention in football and basketball (Robinson 10). When Jackie decided in the spring of 1941 to drop out of college before graduating, the Los Angels sportswriters and editors showered him with praise. George T. Davis, of the Herald Express, declared, Its my honest opinion that Jackie Robinson will go down in history as the greatest all-around athlete in Pacific Coast history (Bonnets 65).Drafted into the Army, Jackie applied for Officer Candidate School. At Fort Riley in Oklahoma, where he was stationed, Negroes had not thus far been accepted for SOC, and Jackie confronted for the first time as an adult the problem of racial discrimination. His reaction was automatic. He resented it. He sent complaints to the Secretary of Defense, who immediately flew out to Riley to check them. Within a few days, Jackie Robinson and several other Negroes ere in SOC (Robinson 13). Robinson received his commission and served as a morale officer.After his discharge, Jackie was offered three hundred dollars a month to play baseball for the Kansas City Monarchs, a Negro team. He would not leave for that amount but then was offered four hundred dollars instead. In April of 1945, he joined the Monarchs in training camp at Houston (Smith 77). A few days later, though, he received a call from Wendell Smith, sports editor for The Pittsburgh Courier, a Negro weekly, saying that the Boston Red Sox of the American League had agreed to give tryouts to a few Negroes. Jackie hesitated, doubting the sincerity of the offer, but he let himself be talked into taking the trip (78).To Jackie Robinson, Sam Ejector, and Marvin Williams, the players who attended this so-called tryout, the whole experience became something of a hoax. Nothing came of it and so far as they could see, nothing was ever intended to come of it. Actually, it was not wholly without significance. Writers such as Deed Sullivan, Damon Run-on, and others who were not well known were discrediting baseball bosses (Smith 78). The recent war against Hitler had changed the racial attitudes of many Americans. Joe Louses appealing image had had an effect. How could baseball continue as the American pastime while practicing a policy of Jim Crow that contradicted the principles of democracy? Discussions like this and tryouts like the one in Boston continued. While this went on, at least one man Was giving serious thought to a means of overcoming the difficulties and bringing about a change. He was Branch Rickety, owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers. He had gone to school with Negroes in Ohio in his boyhood, and he had coached Negro college students at Ohio Wesleyan. His own thoughts on the subject were clear.The apparently farcical Red Sox tryout had not escaped his notice. He made a mental note of one name: Jackie Robinson. Eventually he added other names to his little private list, such as Don Newcomer and Roy Campanile, but he was not ready to disclose his plans (Dodgers #42). He went ahead quietly checking out prospects and assuring himself of the complete support of the Dodgers directors and stockholders. His number one aim, of course, was to strengthen the Dodger ball club. His number two aim was to help end the racial discrimination. Success in each would depend to a large extent on the player himself.His ability as a player had to be beyond question. He would have to make the grade in everybodys book. Important as this was, however, his poise and his coolness under tension, was even more vital (Soul Game). He would have to be a real man out on the field. He could not afford to give ground. Neither could he afford at any time to let his feelings boil over. When the brush-back came at the plate, when spikes were in the air at second or third, when insults came from the stands, and whenever tension arouse, he would have to be in control of himself.When Rickety indicated that he had settled on Robinson as his inner, questions arouse. There were those who knew of Jackasss habit of arguing and standing his ground, and they favored a more submissive type of player. Jackie, himself, was skeptical of the decision. Mr.. Rickety, he asked, are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back? Robinson, Rickety said, l am looking for a ballplayer with guts enough not to fight back. Theyll taunt and goad you. Theyll do anything to make you react. Theyll try to provoke a race riot in the ball park. This is the way to prove to the public that a Negro should not be allowed in the major league. This is the way to frighten the fans and make them afraid to attend the games (TIME 104). Could Jackie Robinson succeed under such pressure? Could any athlete do it? Jackie Robinson was asked to make good with teammates, coaches and a manager who had been raised with attitudes of prejudice (Dodgers #42). He was called on to win the respect of fans who could not be expected to be more emancipated than these. Then there was the vast public at home that followed baseball results in newspapers and on the air.The opposing teams, the enemies on the field of play, who should have been the sole concern of he aspiring athlete, were actually the least of Jackasss worries. Each time Robinson planted his spikes in the soft dirt of the batters box, he felt the full weight of a collective dream: someday, in a different America, children of color would find the path to stardom uncluttered by racial obstac les, and his lonely struggle would hasten the day when black athletes could be athletes first, symbols second (Christian Science Monitor 1 There were 25,000 people on hand to see Jackie when he appeared for the first time in organized baseball. It happened in Jersey City on the eighteenth of April, 1946 (Young 154). Every spectator in the stands was there to see the debut of the Montreal second baseman. When he went to bat the first time, he grounded out to the infield. In his second time at bat he drove in three Montreal runs as he lined a 335-foot home run over the left-field wall with two men on base (154). That was just the beginning. In three more times at bat that day, Jackie beat out two bunts and put a single into right field for a total of four hits in five attempts (155).Robinson went on to win the International League batting championship with an average of . 349 and to lead the league in fielding with a 985 average. He stole forty bases that season (159). His season with the Royals was epitomized in the Little World Series of 1 946, when his team met the Louisville Colonels for the minor league championship. The games played in Louisville were tense, and the fact that the local club owners had put a quota on the number of Negro fans who could attend had intensified rather than reduced the tension (Robinson 42).Jackie emerged as the hero in the final and decisive game. Joy overflowed in Montreal, and Robinson had to be protected from his admirers. According to sportswriter Sam Martin, It was rabble the only day in history that a black man ran from a white mob with love instead of lynching on its mind (43). Jackie came up to the Dodgers of the National League the following year as a first baseman. He was severely heckled by all of the opposing teams, but mostly by the Philadelphia Phillips (Dodgers #42).Torrents of abuse poured from their dugout with childish remarks and gestures that coincided with the threats that had been made. Some Of the players sat in the dugout and pointed bats at him while making machine-kinglike noises. It was an incredibly childish display of bad will. Through it all, though, Robinson kept his temper and helped lead the Dodgers to the 1947 pennant (TIME 104). They won the pennant in five of the next ten years in which Jackie Robinson played on the team. In the majors as in the minors he was Rookie of the Year in his first season.Two years later, he was named the National Leagues Most Valuable Player. During his ten years in the majors, Jackie stole 197 bases, more than any other player for a similar period. He was selected to play in six All-Star games. He led National League second baseman in fielding four times. He set a National League record for bubble plays by a second baseman in 1951 with 137. He set a National League fielding record for a second baseman the same year with an average of . 992. His overall batting average in organized baseball was . 11 (Opponents 70). In January 1 957, Jackie decided it was time for him to retire from athletics. Robinson spent his final years as a successful businessman and a conspicuous Republican turned Democrat He was the vice president and personnel director of the Chock Full O Nuts Company, a snack bar chain. He was also a tireless, outspoken champion of civil rights and rehabilitation orgasm for drug addicts. In later years, Robinson was slowed by a heart condition, arthritis, and a case of diabetes that left him blind in one eye. He was only 53 when he died (TIME 140). Its first black athlete and achieving hall of fame status. When the 1972 World Series opened only a few weeks before Jackasss death, he was presented with a plaque commemorating the 25th anniversary of his arrival in the big leagues. l am extremely proud and pleased, he said, but will be more pleased the day can look over at third base and see a black man as manager (TIME 104). By the end Of the century Robinsons dream had in a large part become reality.

To Waken an Old Lady

The poem To Waken an Old Lady ideally looks at the effects of growing old. In a bid to deliver the message of the poem, the author uses various interesting tools. As I read the poem, I was interested in the manner in which the author employs literary devices in passing across the message. Other aspects such as language, form, and content are also crucial in the poem. The content of the poem is interesting as the author narrows down to the concept of old age.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To Waken an Old Lady specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the fascinating literary devices used in the poem is the rhythm employed. The poem is replete with run-on lines. A run-on line is a line whose message extends to be expressed in the following line. For example, although lines 1-6 are different lines, the message being communicated in these lines is interconnected. There is also the use of approximate rhyme in some ins tances. The author of the poem creates a structure that gives the reader thoughts that are removed from reality. This makes the poem appear as if it is reflective of something that happened in the past. The rhythm disappears in line ten which acts as a transition from describing old age to describing the setting in of death. There is a hyphen in line nine which implies that there is a halt in the thoughts of the author. The author takes time to think about the nature of the so-called ‘dark wind.’ Approximate rhyme appears in various lines of the poem such as line 4 and 7 where we have the words ‘skimming and failing’. There is also the use of words like buffeted and rested in lines 8 and 12 (Rath, 2003). Another important literary device used in this poem is the use of metaphors and imagery. The images of birds which are described to be ‘skimming bare trees above a snow gaze’ present a tone full of sorrow (All poetry, n.d). Words like ‘ba re trees,’ ‘dark wind’ and ‘shrill piping’ are a representation of lack of hope and death. In the poem, a woman is portrayed as having realized that her life must come to an end. ‘Flight of small cheeping birds’ is metaphorical explaining old age. The images of cheeping birds and ‘shrill piping of plenty’ is a contrast to the little hope held by a small percentage of before their deaths and the sharp cries of the majority who discover that death is a must even if they prevent it (All poetry, n.d). The poem presents its content in a calm form and structure but a depressing manner. The poem is attractive due to its explicit portrayal of imagery and reading; it is truly an experience. It causes the reader to think of cheeping birds which are fighting to defeat the wind and landing on a tree after tree as death approaches.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pape r with 15% OFF Learn More The format makes the poem easy to read and understand although there are some occasional interruptions in the line of thought of the author. Despite the dark expression of the images and subject of the poem, an appealing language has been used. Some of the rhyming words are negative but create an appealing rhythm to the reader (Allpoetry, n.d). The elements discussed have affected my response to the poem in different ways. For example, the vividness of the imagery causes me to have the opinion that the persona in the poem is most likely to be the aging woman or a person who observes the woman as she realizes how inevitable death is. This makes it possible to relate with the poem and even personalizing it since its explanations are from the perspective of a person who experiences old age first hand. The descriptions made in the poem are therefore made more credible. The rhyme applied in the poem is so interesting such that I focused on it more than I focused on other aspects in the poem. References All poetry. (n.d). To Waken An Old Lady by William Carlos Williams. Available from  https://allpoetry.com/To-Waken-An-Old-Lady . Rath, H. (2003). The poetry of Robert Frost and William Carlos Williams. New York: Atlantic Publishers Dist. This essay on To Waken an Old Lady was written and submitted by user Yuliana Mendoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Intelligence Analysis Essay Example

Intelligence Analysis Essay Example Intelligence Analysis Essay Intelligence Analysis Essay Applicants must be British citizens. GOGH values diversity and welcomes applicants from all sections of the community. We want our workforce to reflect the diversity of our work. 6 We all know someone who is incredibly bright and yet cannot seem to pull their life together. The brilliant student who flunks out of university, or the incredibly intelligent worker who cant seem to get ahead in their company. We know from our familiarity with them that they have a good to superior intelligence level, but that doesnt seem to be enough to ensure success. And at the same time, we can probably describe in some form why we feel these people have not been successful. Our descriptions would include certain traits or behaviors that have nothing to do with intelligence. Over time, scientists have begun to study why standard intelligence along isnt enough to predict performance in an individual. They have realized that there is another type of intelligence that isnt related to the standard cognitive emotional intelligence is, how you can discover what your own E. I actually is and how, by understanding your own emotions and those of others, take your leadership and management skills to the next level. Sean Machete, the Founder and Managing Director of management development specialists, MAD Training is the author of this publication. Sean has been featured on CNN, BBC, TV, on numerous radio stations and has contributed to many newspapers. Hes been featured in over 250 different publications as a thought leader within the management development and training industry. MAD has been working with a wide variety of clients (both large and small) in the UK and internationally for several years. MAD specialist in providing: In-house, tailor made management training courses (1-5 days duration) Open courses (Delivered throughout the UK at various locations) Management leadership development programmer (From 5 days to 2 years) Corporate and executive coaching (With senior or middle managers) MAD provide a wide range of management training courses and programmer that enable new and experienced managers to maximize their potential by gaining or refining their management and leadership skills. Our team of highly skilled and experienced trainers and consultants have all had distinguished careers in senior management roles and bring with them a wealth of practical experience to each course. At MAD Training we will design and deliver a solution that suits your specific needs addressing the issues and requirements from your training brief that best fits your culture, learning style and ways of working. Our should be fun, highly interactive and provide real world practical techniques and methods that you can use back in the office and thats exactly what we provide. Download A FREE Self Study Management Course Please visit our website www. M-t-d. Co. UK for further details about the services that we offer and to also download a FREE Self Study Management Course contact MAD: Online: Web: www. -t-d. Co. UK Email: [emailprotected] Co. UK Telephone: From The UK: 0800 849 6732 International: ++ 44 800 849 6732 8 1 . Overview of Emotional Intelligence 1. 1 Introduction intelligence. The study of emotional intelligence has its roots in the work of Darwin, who posited that emotional expression was essential for survival. Over time, scientists have begun to study why standard intelligence along isnt enough to predict performance in an individual. They have realized that there is another type of intelligence that isnt related to the standard cognitive intelligence its called emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a relatively new subject of study, though its roots go back to the time of Darwin, who posited that emotional expression was essential for survival. But what do we mean when we talk about emotional intelligence? The fact is that there are numerous ways of defining emotional intelligence. But for now, lets say that it is the ability to be aware of your emotions and the emotions of others and then to use that knowledge to help manage the expression of emotions so that they foster success instead of cause roadblocks. Those who have high levels of emotional intelligence, or El for short, are able to heir bodies, minds, relationships, and ability to pursue and achieve goals. They then are able to moderate their own emotions so that their emotions support their activities and enhance their quality of life. Emotional intelligence involves a combination of competencies which allow a person to be aware of, to understand, and to be in control of their own emotions, to recognize and understand the emotions of others, and to use this knowledge to foster their success and the success of others. People with highly developed El are proven to be more successful in the workplace cause they can understand their emotions and why they behave the way that they behave. They can use their emotions as clues to what their body and mind are trying to tell them. And they can use their El to truly understand others and their points of view. When they wield this kind of tool, they can overcome the kinds of emotional obstacles that tend to stop us all. They can understand why others feel the way that they feel and why they are doing what they are doing, and use that knowledge to help others perform at their best. They can resolve conflict quickly and recover from setbacks with aplomb. They are good in a crisis, strong at communicating, and successful where others fail. Later in this eBook, well look in more detail at some real-life examples of how El can help you in the workplace. But now, lets look at how emotional intelligence is different from our traditional ideas about intelligence. 1. 2 Theories of Multiple Intelligences Until the last century, the understanding of intelligence was strictly related to cognitive functions such as memory, learning, and problem-solving. However, scientists had begun to understand by the sass that non-cognitive aspects of intelligence also exist. For example, E. L. Thornier described a type of social intelligence that was related to managing and understanding others. In 1940, David Heckler further developed the concept of non-cognitive intelligence by arguing that no full definition of intelligence could exist until we were able to fully define those aspects that were not related to traditionally measured cognitive skills. Then in 1983, Howard Gardner published a groundbreaking work entitled Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. He argued that people have more than one type of intelligence, and that these types

Analysis and explanation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis and explanation - Essay Example The events and situations taking place in the book are also important and they include: meeting Sharraf, killing of the wild animals, and the railway incident among other minor ones like the journey itself, the terrains and the insecurity. Lawrence the townsman (who is the main story teller and the one being taken on this tedious journey through harsh, unfriendly and uninhabitable land to go meet Sharraf) is relentless despite the rough terrain of this dessert to go find Sharraf and discuss undisclosed business. Since this land is very harsh not only from the unbearable weather which is marked by scotching sun, terrible winds and extreme heat, but also in terms of insecurity. There seems to be an ongoing war between the Arabs and the Turks. It is as a result of this insecurity that Lawrence hires several men to accompany him in his entourage for the sake of protection because a large number of these Arabs could easily defeat the Turks if they met them (and they did meet a group on their journey back from visiting Sharraf but they were few men and when they opened fire at Lawrence’s entourage, they got a dose of their own medicine and they saw that they were quickly outnumbered and they fled). Auda is the guide of the entourage as he is very familiar with that terrain despite it being a dessert. He is an interesting individual and very friendly towards Lawrence even trying to teach him their language which Lawrence is not very fluent in and hence cannot effectively communicate. The Arab scout’s familiarity with the area is also portrayed when he recalls the name of almost each and every place they pass during their journey which is quite interesting and amazing (Lawrence 164). The roughness of the dessert terrain with deep feet-sinking sand and rocks is an indication of how terrible that place is and it is no wonder the means or travel is through camels (in spite of the insecurity). In some locations, they have to go

Role of a nurse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Role of a nurse - Assignment Example Nursing is the promotion, protection and optimisation of health, alleviation of suffering and prevention of injury and illness through treatment and diagnosis (Basford and Slevin, 2003:4). It also entails advocacy in the care of populations, communities, families and people. There are numerous roles of a nurse depending on the setting. Nurses perform physical examinations on patients and study their medical histories. They provide health promotion, education and counselling in the various sectors that they work in. They offer a number of personalised interventions including wound care and administering of medications. They interpret information about their patients, make important decisions and take action. They supervise care that is given by other health care practitioners (Basford and Slevin, 2003:35). They work in collaboration with other healthcare practitioners to promote health for their patients. Finally, they conduct research on ways to improve patient outcomes. Working in teams in the nursing sector is beneficial to both patients and staff. In addition to helping patients, teamwork promotes employee satisfaction, cooperation and retention rates. When taking into account the team nursing framework, the following benefits can be considered. To start with, team members help one another readily, if a nurse has been assigned two patients and the other is free, they will definitely step in and help out. Secondly, this model leads to an increase in employee satisfaction (Denny and Earle, 2005:45). Previous case studies have shown that the scores of employee satisfaction increased with the adoption of the model. Finally, mentoring opportunities increase as novices are paired up with novices who guide them in performing their duties. This has been observed to increase the rates of employees’ retention. On the other hand, supervision has

School Administrators Essay Example for Free

School Administrators Essay The role of education does not solely revolve around creating opportunities for children to learn and acquire information. At the same time, the role of reaching out to the community and reaping its benefits have been becoming part of administrative practice. With this idea on mind, there is an increasing need for administrators and educators to create an active environment for participation to extract the needed skills and capabilities to adapt to the challenges and trends of the present environment. Looking at the survey provided, it tries to outline the relevance of such programs not only among administrators and educators but also to parents and students. This is essential because it can create transparency and accountability among the facilitators of the program. At the same time, it allows the educational institution to create new and renew relationships that are relevant to maintain strong partnerships. â€Å"The goal of school-community relations expands on the definition of public relations; the goal of school-community relations it to help develop and maintain relationships† (Hopkins, 2005, p. 1). Another significant component of this initiative is the presence of goals and objectives in every program. This is relevant because it can generate the needed results and actively promote the target audience and provide direction on specific outputs. Likewise, it is important that these outputs are clear and concise because it can increase the chances that the program can be successful and be implemented better on target audiences (Ley, 1999). Through this, it can necessitate effective outcomes and create opportunities for relationships to grow in the process. Communication and interaction is also another relevant element that contributes to community building. Actively coordinating programs towards intended and target audiences can help spread out the word and supplement the objectives by giving the chance for each one to cooperate and take part in the process. Seeing this, it does not only work for actors such as parents, students, and teachers. Rather, there are also significant members who can contribute in the field. â€Å"All of those community members might be interested in knowing how a schools test results and student work compare to other schools† (Hopkins, 2005, p. 1). Operating on this concept, it can be argued that having effective communication can create active environments for cooperation and collaboration. These community programs can serve as a bridge in increasing support mechanisms that are essential not only for students but also for the educational institution as well. At the same time, having a harmonious relationship with these individuals and groups can enhance public relations that can be beneficial for the school’s growth and continuous development (Ley, 1999). Seeing all of these, leadership is a vital component that can merge these concepts together and allow the interaction and change to occur. Organizers must actively realize that by promoting this initiative, they can actively achieve necessary outcomes that will cater student awareness of revolving issues in the community and help them adapt to the elements that continue to be manifested in society. To conclude, community relations have been growing as an important element of student education. By allowing each individual to be immersed to different programs it can reap benefits and experiences not taught in classrooms. At the same time, it can help further and sustain relationships that are also significant not only on creating a good image for the educational institution but also harness the ability of each actor to grasp diversity and complexity in society. References Hopkins, G. (2005) School-Community Relations is Great PR And Then Some in Education World. Retrieved April 23, 2009 from, http://www. education-world. com/a_issues/chat/chat143. shtml Ley, J. (1999) Charter Starters Leadership Training Workbook 5: Community Relations in Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved April 23, 2009. 1-50.

Christo And Jean Claude Cultural Studies Essay

Christo And Jean Claude Cultural Studies Essay Christo and Jeanne-Claude have many interesting pieces of work ranging from their first Documenta 4 to The Gates. I will be covering some of their major works; such as, Wrapped Coast, Valley Curtain, Running Fence, Surrounded Islands, Reichstag, and The Gates. I have always enjoyed big installations because the work has always astounded me; the sheer size of the pieces is amazing. Close to the end of 1969, Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped the coast of Little Bay, in Sydney, Australia, as a part of the Alcorso-Sekers Travelling Scholarship. With the support of the John Kaldor, this was their first trip to Australia for international artists, and the first in the series of Kaldor Public Art Projects. One hundred workers and eleven volunteers devoted over seventeen thousand work hours to make this project a reality. They wrapped two and a half kilometers of coast and cliffs up to twenty-six meters high. Ninety-five thousand six hundred m^2 of synthetic fabric and 56 km of rope was required to finish this astounding project. At the time, it was the single largest piece of art ever made. This project was bigger than Mount Rushmore, and it visitors took over an hour to walk from one end of the piece to the other. Reactions were largely positive and had a very large impact on Australian art. The Valley Curtain art project was started with preparations at the end of the 1970s. This project was a four hundred meter long cloth stretched across Rifle Gap. Rifle Gap is a valley in the Rocky Mountains near Rifle, Colorado. It required about fourteen thousand m^2 of cloth to be hung on four steel cables, fastened with iron, and fixed in concrete on the slopes and two hundred tons of concrete. This project cost over $400,000. Trying to finance this huge piece was an additional problem, and it caused them to sell some of their other works to raise the money. On October 10, 1971, the curtain was ready for hanging. Unfortunately, the curtain had been torn to pieces by the wind beating it against the rocks. On August 10th of the next year, the second attempt to hang the cloth was a success. Unfortunately, only a day later, it was destroyed by a storm with winds reaching speeds in excess of sixty miles per hour. The Running Fence was completed on September 10, 1976. The workers waited fourteen days, but then they removed everything, leaving not a trace. This piece consisted of a fence almost twenty-five miles long, extending across the hills of Sonoma and Marin counties in northern California. This fence was eighteen feet high and was composed of two thousand and fifty panels of white nylon fabric hung from steel cables by the means of three hundred fifty thousand hooks. Supporting these hooks where about two thousand steel poles stuck into the ground and being braced by steel guide wires that were anchored to the ground. This piece began near U.S. Highway 101 and crossed fourteen roads, the private properties of fifty-nine ranchers to reach the Bodega Bay of the Pacific Ocean. The environmental impact report that was required for this gigantic piece was an astounding four hundred and fifty pages long. This piece is said to have been partly inspired by fences demarcating the Continental Divi de in Colorado. In 1978, a documentary film Running Fence by Albert and David Maysles, told the story of this piece. This film includes scenes showing the local response to the project, which ranged from active protest and resentment to excitement. Byron Randall, the expressionist painter, protested the piece on the grounds of both land infringement and lack of artistic merit; however, others appreciated the beauty of the work, and in the end the project was completed. This piece is commemorated by historic markers at Watson School near Bodega, California, and State Route 1 in Valley Ford, California. In December 1976, the country landmarks commission, county of Sonoma designated the Valley Ford site as Historic landmark number twenty-four. Jeanne-Claudes idea to surround eleven islands in Miamis Biscayne Bay was completed on May 4, 1983. It was completed with the aid of four hundred and thirty workers, and was there for two whole weeks. About six hundred thousand m^2 of pink polypropylene floating fabric surrounded the eleven islands was definitely a site to behold. Surrounded Islands covered over 7 miles, and for two weeks, it was seen and enjoyed by the public, from the causeways, the land, water, and air. The bright pink color of the shiny fabric was in tune with the tropical vegetation of the uninhabited verdant island, the light of the Miami sky, and colors of the shallow waters of Biscayne Bay. As with Christo and Jeanne-Claudes previous art projects, Surrounded Islands was entirely financed by the artists through the sale by C.V.J. Corporation of the preparatory pastel and charcoal drawings, collages, lithographs, and early works. On May 4, 1983, out of a total work force of four hundred and thirty people, the u nfurling crew began to blossom the pink fabric. Surrounded Islands was tended to day and night by one hundred and twenty monitors in inflatable boats. Surrounded Islands was a work of art that underlined the various elements and ways in which the people of Miami live between land and water. The project known as Reichstag is easily one of the biggest endeavors Christo and Jeanne-Clade has accomplished, and in my opinion, it is also one of the best. With the support of the President of the Parliament, Rita Sussmuth, Christo and Jeanne-Claude worked to convince the elected Members of Parliament. They went from office to office, writing explanatory letters to each of the six hundred and sixty-two delegates, and innumerable telephone calls and negotiations. On February 25, 1995, after a seventy minute debate at the Parliament, and a Roll Call vote, the Bundestag allowed the project to go ahead. The Bonn government was so enthusiastic about the artwork that Christo and Jeanne-Claude were asked to extend the project. However, since all of their art projects are temporary, this was not possible. The building was unwrapped again on July 7 as planned. Christo explained during a training session for the monitors, Temporary because it challenges our notion of art to challenge the i mmortality of art. We make art not out of gold, silver or marble and think it would stay forever. Non-permanent art will be missedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Also, the artwork cannot stay because it expresses freedom, poetic freedom all projects are about freedom. This project cannot be bought or sold, nobody can charge, can sell tickets. Freedom is the enemy of possession (Hammerstingl). The Wrapper began on June 17, 1995, and it was finished on the 24th. The spectacle was seen by five million visitors before the unveiling began on July 7th. Two times more material was used than was needed, which allowed deep vertical pleats that cascaded down. Because there is always some wind around the Reichstag, the wind was playing with the pleats of the fabric, causing a quiet movement. The color of the fabric and the many deep vertical pleats created a dramatic contrast between light and shadow. This shape transformed the building into a new form. The wrapping of the Reichstag was like building a building, says Christo (Hammerstingl). At a press conference, a reporter from a Jerusalem newspaper asked the artists if they would wrap the Knesset, The Reichstag is the third and last building we wrapped. We have too many other projects to do. We cannot always wrap buildings. Otherwise we would be called the wrappers, Jeanne-Claude answered (Hammerstingl). This project cost $13,000, 000, everything financed by the artists themselves through selling their drawings, collages, and scale models of their projects. All projects are inspired through personal ideas that give the freedom of the work. Freedom, because when it comes down to it, does not have to be justified explains Christo. (Hammerstingl). The last project we will be discussing is The Gates. On January 3, 2005, work began on the installation of The Gates in Central Park in New York City. The official title of the piece is The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005. The title references the time that passed from their initial proposal until they were able to go ahead with it. Only with the permission of the new mayor of New York, Michael R. Bloomberg, were they able to proceed. It was open to the public only from February 12th until February 27th 2005. Seven thousand five hundred and three gates made of saffron color fabric were placed on paths in Central Park. It was five meters high and had a combined length of 37 km. Bloomberg, a fan of Christo and Jeanne-Claude, presented them with the Doris C. Freedman Award for Public Art for The Gates. They often expressed satisfaction that their concept for their home town of over thirty years was finally realized. An article covering this piece states, The cost of the project was $21 million US dollars which was raised entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude selling studies, drawings,  collages, works from the 1950s and 1960s. They do not accept any sponsorship, nor did the city of New York have to provide any money for the project. Christo and Jeanne-Claude donated all the money raised from the sale of souvenirs such as postcards, t-shirts and posters to Nurture New Yorks Nature, Inc. While the engineering, manufacturing and set-up took over a year, about 750 paid employees erected the project in five days and then deployed the fabric of all the gates in half an hour. Around 600 more (Gate-keepers) distributed 1 million free samples of the fabric to visitors. The uniformed Gate-keepers also provided information to visitors about the project, and were responsible for unrolling the gates that had rolled over their crossbars in the high wind.   More workers uninstalled the project in one week, leaving almost no trace and shipping all the materials for r ecycling (Wikipedia). From the pictures with the snow and the vivid color of the gates are a very good contrast of color and the way they seem to jump out against the snow. The pictures arent a great representation of the work, but since their art is temporary, it is the best we can do without being in that certain time and place. This piece is simple in its design, difficult in its realization, and astounding. A little about the artists, Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958, when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Precilda de Guillebon. They had a son together who was born May 11, 1960. Jeanne-Claudes parents were displeased with their relationship, particularly because of Christos refugee status, so they temporarily estranged themselves from their daughter. In 1964, they moved to New York City, poor and lacking fluency in the English language, Christo displayed his work in several galleries, including the well-known Castelli Gallery in New York, and gallery Schmela in Dusseldorf, Germany. Christo Began to create Store Fronts, which he built to scale. The sale of the Store Fronts helped finance larger projects. They have won many, many awards for their art. In 1973, they were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary. In 2004, they won an Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award, International Sculpture Center, from Hamilton, New Jersey. In 2005, they were awarded the Doris C. Freedman Award for Public Art by New Yorks mayor. In 2006, they were awarded the Best Project in a Public Space for The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005. In 2008, they were awarded honorary degrees from Franklin Marshall College. Finally, in 2011, they were awarded more honorary degrees from Occidental College. In closing, Christo and Jeanne-Claude are some of my favorite artists. They have amazing vision for what they want to do in each of their pieces. They dont stop trying for something; for example, The Gates which took 30 years to finally finish. They are, to me, some of the best installation and temporary artists. Their technics may be simple, but it is amazing. They are so popular that in 1978, Charles M. Schulz drew an episode of the show Peanuts where Snoopys doghouse is wrapped in fabric by Christo. In response, Christo constructed a wrapped doghouse and presented it to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in 2003. You cant say enough about what they do, or their drive to do accomplish it. Most people would have given up on their many projects, but they completing them only because of their tenacity and drive to get what they needed done. Theres something to be learned from these two; such as, no matter the odds, or what is put against you, if you never give up, you can and will succeed. Also, staying with the person you love can lead to a tough but fulfilling life. Christo and Jeanne-Claude are one of, maybe even the best, temporary installation types of artists. Work Cited Paul F. Fabozzi. Artists, Critics, Context: Readings in and Around American Art since 1945. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2002. Werner Hammerstingl. Installation Art. www.Olinda.com. 1998. http://www.olinda.com/ArtAndIdeas/lectures/christo.htm. Wikipedia. Christo and Jeanne-Claude www.wikipedia.com. Dec. 3, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude

Customer value proposition Essay

Customer value proposition† has become one of the most widely used terms in business markets in recent years. Yet our management-practice research reveals that there is no agreement as to what constitutes a customer value proposition—or what makes one persuasive. Moreover, we find that most value propositions make claims of savings and benefits to the customer without backing them up. An offering may actually provide superior value—but if the supplier doesn’t demonstrate and document that claim, a customer manager will likely dismiss it as marketing puffery. Customer managers, increasingly held accountable for reducing costs, don’t have the luxury of simply believing suppliers’ assertions. Customer managers, increasingly held accountable for reducing costs, don’t have the luxury of simply believing suppliers’ assertions. Take the case of a company that makes integrated circuits (ICs). It hoped to supply 5 million units to an electronic device manufacturer for its next-generation product. In the course of negotiations, the supplier’s salesperson learned that he was competing against a company whose price was 10 cents lower per unit. The customer asked each salesperson why his company’s offering was superior. This salesperson based his value proposition on the service that he, personally, would provide. Unbeknownst to the salesperson, the customer had built a customer value model, which found that the company’s offering, though 10 cents higher in price per IC, was actually worth 15.9 cents more. The electronics engineer who was leading the development project had recommended that the purchasing manager buy those ICs, even at the higher price. The service was, indeed, worth something in the model—but just 0.2 cents! Unfortunately, the salesperson had overlooked the two elements of his company’s IC offering that were most valuable to the customer, evidently unaware how much they were worth to that customer and, objectively, how superior they made his company’s offering to that of the competitor. Not surprisingly, when push came to shove, perhaps suspecting that his service was not worth the difference in price, the salesperson offered a 10-cent price concession to win the business—consequently leaving at least a half million dollars on the table. Some managers view the customer value proposition as a form of spin their marketing departments develop for advertising and promotional copy. This shortsighted view neglects the very real contribution of value propositions to superior business performance. Properly constructed, they force companies to rigorously focus on what their offerings are really worth to their customers. Once companies become disciplined about understanding customers, they can make smarter choices about where to allocate scarce company resources in developing new offerings. We conducted management-practice research over the past two years in Europe and the United States to understand what constitutes a customer value proposition and what makes one persuasive to customers. One striking discovery is that it is exceptionally difficult to find examples of value propositions that resonate with customers. Here, drawing on the best practices of a handful of suppliers in business markets, we present a systematic approach for developing value propositions that are meaningful to target customers and that focus suppliers’ efforts on creating superior value. Three Kinds of Value Propositions We have classified the ways that suppliers use the term â€Å"value proposition† into three types: all benefits, favorable points of difference, and resonating focus. (See the exhibit â€Å"Which Alternative Conveys Value to Customers?†) Which Alternative Conveys Value to Customers? Suppliers use the term â€Å"value proposition† three different ways. Most managers simply list all the benefits they believe that their offering might deliver to target customers. The more they can think of, the better. Some managers do recognize that the customer has an alternative, but they often make the mistake of assuming that favorable points of difference must be valuable for the customer. Best-practice suppliers base their value proposition on the few elements that matter most to target customers, demonstrate the value of this superior performance, and communicate it in a way that conveys a sophisticated understanding of the customer’s business priorities. All benefits. Our research indicates that most managers, when asked to construct a customer value proposition, simply list all the benefits they believe that their offering might deliver to target customers. The more they can think of, the better. This approach requires the least knowledge about customers and competitors and, thus, the least amount of work to construct. However, its relative simplicity has a major potential drawback: benefit assertion. Managers may claim advantages for features that actually provide no benefit to target customers. Such was the case with a company that sold high-performance gas chromatographs to R&D laboratories in large companies, universities, and government agencies in the Benelux countries. One feature of a particular chromatograph allowed R&D lab customers to maintain a high degree of sample integrity. Seeking growth, the company began to market the most basic model of this chromatograph to a new segment: commercial laboratories. In initial meetings with prospective customers, the firm’s salespeople touted the benefits of maintaining sample integrity. Their prospects scoffed at this benefit assertion, stating that they routinely tested soil and water samples, for which maintaining sample integrity was not a concern. The supplier was taken aback and forced to rethink its value proposition.

Minorities in Australian Literature Essay

Australian literature consists of many representations of the ‘Australian way of life’ that are constructed by numerous national stereotypes. Various critics argue that the current literary representations of the average Australian do not embrace enough cultural diversity through the incorporation of indigenous people, females and ethnic communities. The representations of Australian people have changed dramatically over a period of time. While the first Australian literary pieces consisted of only one specific brand of person, neglecting women and aborigines, during the nation’s development and the arrival of more ethnic people, there was a rise in the representations of these minority groups. Following this, in the late 20th century to current years, these minority groups have begun to express and represent themselves through writing. Despite the most common representation of the Australian person not including these minorities, there has been a significant change in their representations through literature and the version that does not include them, is predominately used through non-literary works. The common representation of the Australian people is a tough Anglo-Saxon male who works in labour intensive jobs. This portrayal has been used heavily to identify Australians, particularly by the current media, to build on the Australian image. The concept of this type of person representing the whole nation was formed from traditional texts in the 19th century, when the writers were almost entirely white European males and chose to write only of people like themselves. â€Å"When the ladies come to the shearing shed† and â€Å"Clancy from the overflow,† are examples of the types of literary pieces that were written in the 19th century, which focus on the white men of Australia who work in tough jobs in the outback. â€Å"When the ladies come to the shearing shed,† written by Henry Lawson in 1897 is about the reactions of Australian men when women are in their presence. The poem composes the image of masculine men who work in a shearing shed, and represents their job as noble, as women come from the city to watch them. Women are represented as delicate objects of affection that hold little importance to the story. The only time in which the women are described doing or saying something is when they comment on the appearance of the animals, â€Å"and they gush and say in a girly way, that ‘the dear little lambs’ are ‘sweet. ’† This being the only thing that women say, illustrates that they did not hold any real significance to the story, and their opinions were completely left out. The way in which the women are portrayed in the poem is not necessarily negative, but they are not particularly valued characters, and are seen as the ‘other’. This is due to the attempt of a white male providing his personal opinion on the way another type of person acts, which creates a distorted representation. The men and women in this text have an obvious separation between them, and it is express that they are on very different levels, which is not an accurate portrayal of real life. â€Å"Clancy of the overflow† was written in 1889 by one of Australia’s most famous poets, Banjo Paterson. The story shares the same representation of the Australian male, who works with animals out in the â€Å"bush. † In the poem Paterson attempts to personify the quintessential Australian, and who believes every man should be which is a strong worker who is in touch with life on the land. Through the eyes of an office worker the poem represents outback life as desired over city living and working, â€Å"I am sitting in my dingy little office, where a stingy ray of sunlight struggles feebly down between the houses tall. † Clancy, and his outback life is represented as desired by the city dweller, â€Å"And I somehow fancy that I’d like to change with Clancy, like to take a turn at droving where the seasons come and go. † The poem does not include aborigines, women or ethnic people, which by today’s standard is frowned upon but in the time of the poems creation was common in texts. These two, and many more texts from Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson reinforce the argument that the personification of the Australian person was most commonly used in traditional Australian literature, and the opinions of the minority groups are excluded. Progressing from the prejudiced representation that they received from male writers, women have become just as equally common and successful as men in Australian literature. In today’s Australian society, women are in a better situation than indigenous and ethnic Australians in terms of equality, which makes their characterization in literary works more familiar. The liberation of women in Australian literature has given females the opportunity to write about and express themselves through their personal opinions, creating countless female Australian authors. â€Å"If I had a gun† is a poem written by Gig Ryan, that represents her confronting attitudes toward the men that surround her. The poem consists of Gig Ryan explaining the men that she would shoot because of their disrespectful attitude towards women. There is . She uses particular examples of the way men in society sexualize her and other women, â€Å"I’d shoot the man who whistled from his balcony. † She even writes about the smallest occurrences that frustrate her, illustrating that she doesn’t accept any form of gender superiority, â€Å"I’d shoot the man last night who said smile honey. † A woman writing about the men that she would figuratively murder, shows the growth that Australian literature has endured. Many years prior, women were only rarely written about and their true feelings and perspectives were silenced. Now, they have the opportunity to voice their opinions, even in a confronting manner and still be embraced by the Australian public. Throughout the 20th century, women, aborigines and ethnic people began to be identified and represented more regularly, however still commonly through the perspective of Anglo-Saxon males. Despite this improvement, the ‘others’ could not represent themselves, so someone else represented them. This obviously led to a one-sided representation, because no matter how sympathetic the author was, they were viewing things through their own perspective, which is particularly evident with the aboriginal representations in texts. The novel â€Å"Coonardo† written by Katherine Susannah Pritchard addresses the complex issues of ownership and the colonial enterprise that was present in its publication date of 1958. It contains the flourishing inter-racial relationship of Hugh, a non-indigenous landowner and Coonardo, an indigenous woman as the solution to these difficult situations. This was an early time in Australia for a topic like this to become a successful novel, especially because the author held a non-biased perspective throughout the novel, which would have limited readers to those who did not have a strong opinion on these matters. David Malouf’s â€Å"Remembering Babylon† (1993) deals with the problem of how to represent difference and reversing the representations of the ‘other’. The main character, Gemmy lived in an aboriginal community for 16 years and an eventual â€Å"rescue† of him by white settlers creates a â€Å"double consciousness† that does not allow for him to fully re-embrace his white culture that soon becomes the ‘other’. Malouf, despite his white heritage does achieve a very open-minded representation of the aboriginal people. He appears to show sympathy towards the indigenous community, which allows him to tell the story through their eyes, casting the white people and the things they did as bad. The point of view throughout the novel is mainly of the tribe that Gemmy belonged to, instead of himself. The novel, while containing a great racial tolerance and acceptance towards the indigenous people, does however, still support the notion of the unstable relationship between non-indigenous and indigenous Australians. â€Å"Remembering Babylon† provides a more in depth representation from the point of view of the aboriginal people, whereas â€Å"Coonardo† represents both races equally from an outsider’s perspective. Many ethnic immigrants have been left with the smallest amount of representations in Australian literature, due to the White Australia Policy lasting up until the mid 20th century, which has rendered their Australian legacy very young. This obviously has now left them struggling to be represented in key texts because of their short history. Ethnic groups who are represented in literary works that are accepted within the mainstream aren’t immensely common. However when these ethnic groups are personified, it creates a highly accurate representation of the average Australian communities. Carlos Tsiolkas is a Greek-Australian author, who wrote â€Å"The slap,† a popular, contemporary piece of Australian literature that was turned into a television series. This novel naturally integrates white, Greek, Indian and indigenous Australians into a friendship community, illustrating the genuine multicultural society of Australia. Tsiolkas’s heritage assists him in providing an accurate representation of what it is like for these ethnic characters to live in Australia, because he has the ability to write from experience and represent himself. â€Å"The slap† does not have an obvious focus on the inter-racial relationships that it contains, but due to the variety of ethnicity that is incorporated into the characters, it is clear to see that the author made a conscious decision to include a range of cultural diversity in his novel. Ethnic immigrants who become successful authors usually write about their experiences in Australia, that become popular within the Anglo-Australian community, as their pieces offer a different view point, that challenges the way Australians view themselves. â€Å"The ungrateful immigrant† is a poem by Yu Ouyang that is an example of an ethnic author challenging the common perception of the ‘Australian way of life’. The poem is Ouyang’s personal view on Australia and its people, challenging the common belief that Australians are friendly and welcoming people, particularly to immigrants. He speaks about many elements of the country that he does not agree with or particularly like, and the negative way that the Australian people have responded to him. â€Å"You think that because I came to and live in Australia, I should be grateful for the rest of my life. † He even says that his decision to migrate to Australia was an â€Å"irreversible mistake. † This poem, like â€Å"if I had a gun† speaks very negatively about certain groups of people and challenges many common ideologies that exist about the ’Australian way of life,’ however it is still recognized and appreciated as a passionate literary piece. It would be understandable for many Australians to get offended and disregard this text due to the challenging opinions that it contains, but the piece has been accepted into the community because it is seen as an Australian person giving his opinion on his country. Also similar to â€Å"if I had a gun,† â€Å"The ungrateful immigrant† shows the progress in Australian literature and the different representations of the ‘Australian way of life’ that it now contains. It is evident that these literary works provide evidence that supports the argument that, despite the common stereotype of Australian people still being an Anglo-Saxon male, Australian literature does provide an immense variety of representations of women, indigenous Australians, and ethnic communities. They also illustrate the progression of Australian literature, from when it contained an incredibly narrow group of representations, to now when it contains an abundance of different racial and gendered authors and characters that contribute to the production of literary pieces, and the representations of the Australians that they contain. It is important, when analyzing the national identity of Australian way of life to evaluate the state of its literature, and the representations that it contains and upholds.

Fowlers Toad essays

Fowler's Toad essays Zebra mussels are filter feeders, and they are capable of filtering about one litre of water per day while feeding primarily on algae. They were transported from Europe as stowaways in the ballast water of transoceanic ships and pose significant social, economic The zebra mussel disrupts natures food chain. They remove nearly all particle matter, by removing significant amounts of plankton from the water. They remove food for microscopic zooplankton, which in turn are food for fish larvae, juvenile fishes, and other plankton-feeding forage fish. These forage fish support sport and commercial fisheries. This competition for plankton, the base of the marine food chain, could have a lasting effect on the fish populations of the Great Lakes. Most rocky areas of Lake Erie are almost completely covered in the mussel several inches deep. In a laboratory observation, the accumulation in these beds makes a foul environment with very acidic water. Positive/Negative Effects on the Ecosystem In Lake Erie the zebra mussel has already reduced native mussels. The dirty water will reduce energy reserves of fish because they have to work harder to stay alive. It will also increase vulnerability to the other environment stresses. Such as extreme water temperatures, lack of food, or parasites and disease. As zebra mussel spread, they may eliminate rarer species of mussels. The zebra mussel has improved the water clarity of Lake Erie. The filtering of water may increase the exposure humans and animals have to organic pollutants. Early studies have shown that the zebra mussel can accumulate organic pollutants in their tissue to more then 300,000 times greater than concentrations in the environment. They then deposit these pollutants in their waste. These are then passed up the food chain so any fish or waterfowl who co ...

Bajar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Bajar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb bajar  means to take down or lower, but it can be used in several different ways.  Bajar  is a regular  -ar  verb like  parar  or  llamar.  If you know the  conjugation rules for regular -ar  verbs, then you can easily conjugate bajar.  In this article you can find tables with the present, preterit, imperfect, future, and conditional indicative tenses for bajar, as well as the present and past subjunctive, imperative, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Bajar The verb  bajar  has many different uses. It can be both a transitive and intransitive verb. When it is used as a transitive verb it can mean to lower or drop something, such as  Debes bajar el volumen de la mà ºsica  (You must lower the volume of the music), or Bajà ©Ã‚  el precio del carro  (I lowered the price of the car). It can also mean to take or bring something down, as in  Voy a bajar el florero del estante  (Im going to bring down the vase from the shelf), and it can even mean to download something from the internet, as in  Bajà © el archivo a mi computadora  (I downloaded the file to my computer).   The verb  bajar can also be  used as an intransitive verb to talk about something lowering or dropping, such as  El precio de la gasolina bajà ³Ã‚  (The price of gas dropped) or Esta noche bajar la temperatura  (Tonight the temperature will drop). It can also be used to talk about when a person comes down or descends, as in  Ella bajà ³ al primer piso  (She came down to the first floor). Finally, you can use  bajar  to talk about getting off a vehicle, as in El nià ±o bajà ³ del autobà ºs  (The boy got off the bus). Bajar Present Indicative Yo bajo I lower Yo bajo el volumen de la msica. T bajas You lower T bajas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baja You/he/she lowers Ella baja las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We lower Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajis You lower Vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajan You/they lower Ellos bajan la foto de la pared. Bajar Preterite  Indicative There are two forms of the past tense  in Spanish:  the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite is used to talk about completed actions in the past.   Yo baj I lowered Yo baj el volumen de la msica. T bajaste You lowered T bajaste los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baj You/he/she lowered Ella baj las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We lowered Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajasteis You lowered Vosotros bajasteis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaron You/they lowered Ellos bajaron la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. With the verb bajar,  you can translate the imperfect as was lowering or used to lower.   Yo bajaba I used to lower Yo bajaba el volumen de la msica. T bajabas You used to lower T bajabas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajaba You/he/she used to lower Ella bajaba las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajbamos We used to lower Nosotros bajbamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajabais You used to lower Vosotros bajabais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaban You/they used to lower Ellos bajaban la foto de la pared. Bajar Future  Indicative Yo bajar I will lower Yo bajar el volumen de la msica. T bajars You will lower T bajars los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajar You/he/she will lower Ella bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaremos We will lower Nosotros bajaremos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajaris You will lower Vosotros bajaris la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajarn You/they will lower Ellos bajarn la foto de la pared. Bajar Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future in Spanish is equivalent to the going to verb construction in English. Yo voy a bajar I am going to lower Yo voy a bajar el volumen de la msica. T vas a bajar You are going to lower T vas a bajar los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella va a bajar You/he/she is going to lower Ella va a bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros vamos a bajar We are going to lower Nosotros vamos a bajar el precio de la ropa. Vosotros vais a bajar You are going to lower Vosotros vais a bajar la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a bajar You/they are going to lower Ellos van a bajar la foto de la pared. Bajar Conditional  Indicative When you want to talk about possibilities or about things that would happen,  you can use the conditional  tense. An example of a sentence using the conditional is Si vinieras a visitarme, bajarà ­a a abrirte la puerta  (If you came to visit me, I would come down to open the door for you). Yo bajara I would lower Yo bajara el volumen de la msica. T bajaras You would lower T bajaras los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajara You/he/she would lower Ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaramos We would lower Nosotros bajaramos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajarais You would lower Vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran You/they would lower Ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Bajar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund  of -ar  verbs is formed with the ending  -ando. You can use the present participle to form  progressive tenses, such as the present progressive. Present Progressive of Bajar   est bajando   She is lowering   Ella est bajando las persianas. Bajar Past Participle To form the past participle for  -ar  verbs, use the ending  -ado. The past participle  is used to form  compound tenses  like the present perfect.   Present Perfect of Bajar   ha bajado   She has lowered   Ella ha bajado las persianas.   Bajar Present Subjunctive Que yo baje That I lower Pedro pide que yo baje el volumen de la msica. Que t bajes That you lower Marisa quiere que t bajes los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella baje That you/he/she lower Marco espera que ella baje las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajemos That we lower Carlos pide que nosotros bajemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajis That you lower Sara quiere que vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajen That you/they lower Leo pide que ellos bajen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect  Subjunctive The tables below show two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Both options are equally valid. Option 1 Que yo bajara That I lowered Pedro pidi que yo bajara el volumen de la msica. Que t bajaras That you lowered Marisa quera que t bajaras los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajara That you/he/she lowered Marco esperaba que ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajramos That we lowered Carlos pidi que nosotros bajramos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajarais That you lowered Sara quera que vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran That you/they lowered Leo pidi que ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Option 2 Que yo bajase That I lowered Pedro pidi que yo bajase el volumen de la msica. Que t bajases That you lowered Marisa quera que t bajases los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajase That you/he/she lowered Marco esperaba que ella bajase las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajsemos That we lowered Carlos pidi que nosotros bajsemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajaseis That you lowered Sara quera que vosotros bajaseis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajasen That you/they lowered Leo pidi que ellos bajasen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperative   If you want to give a command or direct order, use the imperative mood. The tables below show the affirmative and negative commands, which are different in the tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros  forms. Positive Commands T baja Lower! Baja los libros del estante! Usted baje Lower! Baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros bajemos Lets lower! Bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros bajad Lower! Bajad la velocidad del carro! Ustedes bajen Lower! Bajen la foto de la pared! Negative Commands T no bajes Dont lower! No bajes los libros del estante! Usted no baje Dont lower! No baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros no bajemos Lets not lower! No bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros no bajis Dont lower! No bajis la velocidad del carro! Ustedes no bajen Dont lower! No bajen la foto de la pared!